![]() ![]() Negative feedback, which is controlled by interplay between microbial metabolic activities and host pathways, is thought to promote high bacterial diversity. ![]() We found that the diversities of the gut microbiota in HCC who received ICIs were obviously increased. The 16S rDNA V4 region was amplified by Polymerase chain reaction and sequenced on the MiSeq platform. All patients were treated with ICIs at Fujian provincial geriatric hospital between August 2016 and June 2018. An initial cohort of 65 patients with metastatic melanoma were included in this study. In this study, we explored the characteristics of gut microbiota in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma in advanced stage who received immune checkpoint inhibitors ( ICIs) based on a large population with hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) is one of the most common neoplasms encountered, and its incidence is increasing worldwide. The work cannot be used commercially without permission from the journal. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License 4.0 (CCBY-NC), where it is permissible to download, share, remix, transform, and buildup the work provided it is properly cited. The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. The authors who have taken part in this study declared that they have nothing to disclose regarding funding or conflict of interest with respect to this manuscript. Characterization of gut microbiota in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma received immune checkpoint inhibitors: A Chinese population-based study. 147, Beihuan Middle Road of Fuzhou, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China (e-mail: ).Ībbreviations: CPIs = checkpoint inhibitors, CTLA-4 = cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4, HBV = hepatitis B virus, HCC = hepatocellular carcinoma, ICIs = immune checkpoint inhibitors, OS = overall survival, PD-1 = programmed death-1, PD-L1 = programmed death-ligand 1, PFS = progressive free survival. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China.
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